2012년 10월 19일 금요일

THE MERCHANT OF VENICE

Shylock
Shylock was a Jew who was living in Venice. During that period, Christians and Jews discriminated a lot against each other. We can find that the writer of this story, William Shakespeare wrote a bad ending for Shylock because Shylock was a Jew. Shylock had a daughter called Jessica and she was a Christian secretly. Also, she fell in love with a Christian guy, Lorenzo. After sometime, Jessica ran away with Lorenzo stealing money from her father. At the end of the story, Shylock got nothing. He could not even get one pound of flesh from Antonio because of Portia’s deception.
Shylock had always been discriminated by the Christians, so Shylock might have wanted pay back from Christians. When Antonio asked him to lend money for Bassanio, instead of charging interests, Shylock askedAntonioto give one pound of flesh from any part of the body which Shylock asks for. Even though Shylock’s strategy did not work, we can understand that he wanted revenge from Christians.According to me, Christians had mistreated Jews and Shylock had done the right thing by asking for Antonio’s flesh. If IwereAntonio,I would have done the same thing.
The only thing that Shylock did wrong is mistreating his daughter. First of all, Shylock should have understood what Jessica wanted.He should have known that she wanted to be a Christianand marry Lorenzo. That would have given Shylock enough time to consider what is good for Jessica.Ithink Jessica was able to make such a decision of running away with Lorenzo easily because Shylock was negligent towards his daughter.
Shylock was considered as a bad man in the story Merchant of Venice because he always wanted profits and never cared for the needy. This was because of his religion which did not allow him to possess any property, so it is better to read such stories with proper background information.

Bassanio
Bassanio was a Christian man who had lot of debts. He wanted to woo a rich and beautiful heiress so that he could clear all his debts. I consider such kind of a person selfish and insensitive parasite. He had no money even to go and ask for Portia’s hand. Antonio told Bassanio that he will borrow money from Shylock and as a surety give one pound of his flesh, in case of non-repayment by Bassanio. If Bassanio were to really care about his friend, he would not have agreed to this deal. He knew that this deal was risky because if he chose the wrong casket, Antonio would face the wrath of Shylock.
If Iwere Bassanio, I would not have made my friend’s flesh to be Shylock’s surety, no matter how badly I needed that money. Shylock hates Christians as he had been discriminated by them earlier. So, Shylock could do cruel things to Antonio and Bassanio shouldn’t let that happen to his friend. Also, it is not good to marry a person for money because if they marry without knowing each other much,there could be some problem between them and they may even break apart. Bassanio was thoughtless about his marriage and just marrieda random rich girl who could pay his debts.
He was also not faithful to his religion. In those days, Christians and Jews were against each other. In this story, Bassanio almost begs Shylock to lend him money. It doesn’t mean it is wrong to be polite to Christian people, but it is a non-pride act  to beg an enemy. My basic opinion about Bassanio is negative, because he is too attached to money.

Antonio
As Antonio was a Christian, he hated Jews. But since his loving friend Bassanio needs money to reach a rich woman, Portia in Belmont, he borrowed money from Shylock, who is a Jew. Actually, he was a rich money lender himself, but his ship carrying all his properties were sailing on the sea, so he had no money then. He borrowed money for his friend by being his surety. One pound of his flesh from any part of the body, which Shylock may want to have will be taken in case of non-repayment. He would have definitely known that Shylockwould do cruel things to him if he borrows money from Shylock, but he finally chose to borrow money from him for his friend, Bassanio.
He really loved and respected his friend.Even though his friend Bassanio was being selfish by sacrificing his dear friend, Antonio, he was loyal to their friendship. In this part, we can find that Antonio is being kind but also foolish. Because even though his friend is mean and selfish, Antonio is still respecting his friend. If Iwere Antonio, I would have left Bassanio, because I know the fact that money is more important than friendship for Bassanio. Also, instead of just following Bassanio’s opinion that he should marry rich woman to clear the debts, I will talk to him about other ways to clear the debts. For example, arrange for jobswhere Bassanio can earn money by himself.
As I told earlier, Antonio could have beencleverer, instead of just borrowing money from Shylock by surety of his flesh. But Antonio’s sacrifice, kindness, love and respects are appreciable. It would be nice to have friendslike Antonio. I want to become a person who is kind as Antonio and clever as Portia.

Portia
Portia was a beautiful, rich heiress whose father had passed away.Before Portia’s father passed away, he left a testament saying that any men who wanted to marry Portia would have to choose the right casket among three caskets. If the person could not choose the casket, the person cannot ever marry in his life. Portia was displeased about her father’s testament. I agree on Portia’s opinion because it is very important and pleasing thing to marry a loving person. In case of Portia, she lost her right to choose her husband, who will live forever with her.
Later, Portia talks to Nerissa regarding bad things about the men who had come to choose the casket. Here, Portia is being mean by telling bad things about people who did nothing bad to her. According to Portia, Count Pelatine, the Duke of Saxony’s nephew was a weeping philosopher and a sponge because he was Alcoholic. Neapolitan Prince was a horse loving guy, Monsieur Le Bon was every man in no man, The Scottish Lord was the English water, Falconbridge was an English-dumb, who could only speak English and the Prince of Morocco was a good person but his skin color is dark. Portia is a racist because she is discriminating people with their race, skin color and their hobbies.
In the last part of the story, Portia helped Bassanio saving Antonio from Shylock in disguise of the judge who actually could not come to the court because he was sick. She was very clever and smart in the court. She was saying Shylock not to make any blood come out of Antonio’s body and also told him to take exact one pound of flesh from Antonio’s body. This made Shylock lay quiet. Finally, she saved her husband’s friend. Her immediate idea and judgment was changed the entire situation. But I wonder how could an ordinary person who did not study lawact as a judge in the court. If there’s more story after this, it would be like Portia will be caught and Antonio will be judged again and the judge who was supposed to come will be punished because he asked Portia, who was not a proper judge to come and judge the incident.
 Portia was a very smart and clever woman, so if I were Portia, I would not have married a man who wants to marry to clear his debts. Also, I would become a proper judge if I want to judge an incident, because it is illegal to act as a judge even though I’m an ordinary person.
 

2012년 5월 13일 일요일

wildlife conservation

A WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PROJECT
“SAVE THE TIGER”
Tiger facts & future
We have lost 97% of our wild tigers in just over a century. With as few as 3,200 remaining, action is needed to increase and strengthen their habitat and protect the species from major threats such as poaching.
Tiger population Tiger numbers and forest cover
at a tipping point
If the wild tiger population continues to decline at the current rate, recovery may not be possible. The tiger population is at its lowest level ever, with possibly as few as 3,200 remaining in the wild.

Threats to tigers
Hunted for their pelt and bones and losing their habitat and prey, tiger populations are threatened throughout their range. In many places, they struggle for survival with burgeoning human populations competing for similar resources.
For over 1,000 years, tigers have been hunted as status symbols, decorative items such as wall and floor coverings, as souvenirs and curios, and for use in traditional Asian medicines.

Hunting for sport probably caused the greatest decline in tiger populations up until the 1930s. In many areas tigers were also regarded as a pest that needed to be exterminated.

Between 1940 and the late 1980s, the greatest threat was loss of habitat due to human population expansion and activities such as logging.

In the early 1990s, the trade in tiger bone for traditional medicines became a major threat.
What if tigers did become extinct?
·        Upsetting the ecological balance
When you remove one element from a fragile ecosystem, it has far reaching and long lasting effects on biodiversity. This impacts on local communities, habitats and other species which share the tiger's home.

The tiger is at the top of the food chain in all the ecosystems it lives in. As such, it keeps populations of deer, wild pig, antelope and gaur in check. Without the tiger to control them these prey species would expand.

This excessive population would then totally ravage its food source - vegetation. If the vegetation in the jungles was devastated, smaller animals and insects would not survive there.

If the insects moved to the crops in farmlands vital food sources could be lost, impacting on human populations.

If plants can no longer grow in the jungle the soil will become infertile and eventually the jungle - and all that depend on it - will fade away.

Other consequences include:
§                                 Negative impacts for human welfare and economic development. Communities in Asia depend on the same clean water, clean air, natural flood controls and other forest resources that tigers need. Without the protection for tigers these ecological services are at risk.
§                                 Loss of ecotourism opportunities. Local communities are working with governments and NGOs to develop ecotourism opportunities based around tigers. Without the tigers these burgeoning business opportunities will fail.
§                                  
§                                 Coextinction of other species. If one species in a food chain becomes extinct there is a knock-on effect on other species. The loss of a main predator can actually cause the extinction of a prey species as greater competition presents a threat to a species.
 
§                                 Another species to be exploited? When the Bali and Javan tigers became extinct in the 20th century, poachers turned their attention to the Sumatran tiger. Which animal will be exploited into extinction once all the tigers are gone?
 
§                                 Climate change. If tigers were to go, the forests which are currently protected as key habitat would be more likely to fall victim to illegal logging, conversion to agriculture and development. This leads to greater CO2 emissions and climate change. Deforestation currently accounts for 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
§                                 The tiger has evolved over thousands of years.

Now this big cat is being trapped, skinned, and pushed out of its home. And yet it clings to survival, barely, in a few patches of forest scattered across Asia.

That's enough of a reason to give this species a fighting chance to make it into the next decade.
And we would have to take the blame.....
Mankind would have to make a big apology to future generations which would never get the chance to see the biggest of all cats, one of the most majestic, beautiful, amazing creatures ever to walk the Earth.

Extinction is permanent, and it is the failings of modern man - habitat destruction, hunting and poaching - which have driven tigers into extinction.
This is clearly an emergency: if nothing is done, tigers will disappear from the wild within the next decade.
 Will you help tigers survive? You can help save the tiger!
The good news is that we can save the tiger.

We know what needs to be done, we know it will work... and what is more, tiger range countries, the World Bank and major NGOs have come together to achieve this!
The big cats are prolific breeders, given enough space, prey and protection, tigers can
recover and remain the lord of the jungle.
How you can help
§                                 Donate to tigers
(100% of what we receive will go to saving tigers)
§                                 Don't buy medicine containing tiger parts
§                                 Buy sustainably produced palm oil (PDF 1.26MB)
§                                 Change how you live your life
§                                 Volunteer in China | India | Malaysia
No matter where you live, no matter how small your actions are, we ALL have a part to play in saving the tiger – and our planet as a whole.

Here are some simple things you can do to help ensure our children and grandchildren live in a world where tigers still roam freely in the wild.
Donate to our “ SAVE THE TIGER” project
We are raising emergency funds for anti-poaching patrols – the most important thing we can do in the short-term to save tigers.

Bottom of Form
Don't buy anything containing tiger parts
Poaching of tigers is driven by continued demand for tiger parts – like bones for Traditional Chinese Medicine and skins for clothes.

If you buy such items, you are directly helping to exterminate the last of the wild tigers.
Buy forest-friendly products
After poaching, the biggest threat to tigers is the destruction of their forest home – mainly due to illegal logging and conversion to agriculture, particularly commercial oil palm plantations.

You can help stop this habitat loss by buying products from sustainable forestry and agriculture operations.

So when you're out shopping, look for:

§                                 Certified paper and wood products
§                                 Products made from certified sustainable palm oil
If you can't find any, ask your supermarket or shop why they are not stocking any ... and not helping tigers, and many other animals, to survive.
§                                 Sustainable coffee
Illegally grown coffee in Sumatra is driving the destruction of tiger habitat (
report - PDF). Watch where your coffee comes from – and choose coffee grown according to environmentally friendly principles.
Look for credible ecolabels
For example, the Forest Stewardship Council label ensures that paper and wood products come from well- managed forests.
Spread the word
§                                 The more people realize what simple steps can be taken to save the tiger, the more success we will have.

So go on, get your friends, your family, and your workmates to help too!
ACT BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE!

Information=wwf